Load-bearing structures are elements of a building or structure that are designed to transfer loads from upper elements (e.g. walls, floors, roofs) to the foundation and soil.
They absorb various types of force and non-force effects (temperature, seismic, from uneven settlement of the foundation, etc.), ensuring the strength, stability and reliability of structures.
Types of load-bearing building structures
There are many types of load-bearing building structures. Some of the most common include:
Columnar structures. These vertical elements provide support for other parts of the building, transferring loads from the upper floors to the foundation.
Beam structures. Beams transfer loads horizontally between columns or other load-bearing elements. They can be used to create floors between floors and to support walls or roofs.
Truss structures. Trusses are triangular or parallelogram-shaped structures, often used in roofs. They effectively distribute loads and provide strength with minimal use of material.
Frame structures. A network of rods and beams that form a rigid structure. Widely used in high-rise buildings and bridges.
Monolithic structures. Made of monolithic concrete or reinforced concrete without the use of prefabricated elements. Provide high strength and stability, especially under high loads.
The main elements of load-bearing structures include: pillars (posts), beams, trusses, slabs, columns, crossbars, etc. The listed types of load-bearing building structures can be combined and modified depending on the specific requirements of the project and construction conditions.